Phosphatidylserine

What it does

Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a phospholipid that is a major component of brain cell membranes. Older trials (using bovine-derived PS) reported memory improvements in age-related cognitive decline; modern trials with soy-derived PS have been mixed or null.

What the research says

• Modest memory improvements in older adults with cognitive decline

  Evidence: emerging. 2022 systematic review/meta-analysis (9 studies, 961 participants) found a positive effect on memory; early positive trials used bovine-derived PS, which is no longer sold

• Soy-derived PS showed no benefit in a 120-person trial

  Evidence: moderate. 300 and 600 mg/day soy-PS for 12 weeks: no differences versus placebo on learning, memory, or attention in age-associated memory impairment

• May blunt stress-related cortisol rise

  Evidence: emerging. Small trials in healthy volunteers under physical stress; not consistently replicated

Older positive studies used a form no longer available (bovine PS); the modern soy-derived form has weaker evidence including a solid null trial. Any real effects are subtle.

Is it worth it?

Relatively expensive for an inconsistent signal; cheaper cognitive options with better evidence exist.