Biological Age Clocks (PhenoAge, GrimAge)
Second-generation epigenetic clocks estimated from DNA methylation in blood. Optimal range: Biological age at or below chronological age; DunedinPACE pace-of-aging below 1.0.
What it measures
Second-generation epigenetic clocks estimated from DNA methylation in blood. PhenoAge (Levine 2018) was trained on clinical biomarkers; GrimAge (Lu 2019) on time-to-death data. They estimate biological rather than chronological age.
Why it matters
GrimAge acceleration is one of the strongest known predictors of all-cause mortality. These clocks give a single integrative readout of aging rate, and second-generation clocks track intervention effects better than first-generation ones.
Optimal ranges
Sourced targets, not just lab reference ranges. Lab ranges describe the population; these describe where the evidence says you want to be.
Sourcing note
This target rests on credible but thin sourcing, such as expert-opinion statements or a single review. Stronger than a heuristic, weaker than a guideline. We upgrade it as better sources land.
| Range | Context |
|---|---|
| Biological age at or below chronological age; DunedinPACE pace-of-aging below 1.0 | No clinical target exists; the heuristic goal is a biological age younger than your calendar age and a pace of aging slower than one biological year per year. GrimAge is the strongest mortality predictor (Lu et al., Aging 2019). |
How to improve it
- 1
Everything that moves the other markers on this page: exercise, sleep, body composition
- 2
Caloric moderation without malnutrition
- 3
Smoking cessation (GrimAge is highly sensitive to smoking)
- 4
Retest annually; single readings carry noise
Connected to
Goals
Longevity Lab Report
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Educational information, not medical advice. Talk to your doctor before acting on any biomarker result.